Jazz Changes

Hoagy Carmichael, music · Stuart Gorrell, lyrics · First recorded by Carmichael's orchestra in New York, 1930

Georgia on My Mind

Hoagy Carmichael wrote the music and Stuart Gorrell wrote the words in 1930. The 32 run , and each moves through a chain of falling that lead back to . Ray Charles's 1960 recording became the official state song of Georgia in 1979.

Listen in this order

The path starts with Carmichael's own 1930 recording and Armstrong's 1931 vocal, then moves to Ray Charles, a voice and guitar duo, a live tenor saxophone set, the Brubeck quartet, a piano trio and a modern saxophone quartet. Each step shows another way to play the same 32 .

8 recordings, 1930 to 1992 · Play all 8 on YouTube ↗

  1. Hoagy Carmichael1930
  2. Louis Armstrong1931
  3. The Dave Brubeck Quartet1959 · Cool jazz
  4. Ray Charles1960 · Soul & R&B
  5. Ben Webster1960 · Bebop
  6. The Oscar Peterson Trio1962 · Bebop
  7. Ella Fitzgerald and Joe Pass1983 · Vocal
  8. Archie Shepp Quartet1992 · Contemporary jazz

Step 1 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Learn the song

Hoagy Carmichael and His Orchestra (with Bix Beiderbecke) · 1930

Georgia

Listen for
Carmichael sings the song, and Bix Beiderbecke is credited on cornet. Follow the 32 and mark where each eight-bar section starts.
Try it on your instrument

Play the melody with the from the iReal Pro chart in F. Say A or B out loud as each section goes by.

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Hear an early jazz vocal

Louis Armstrong and His Orchestra · 1931

OKeh 41541

Listen for
Armstrong is credited on both trumpet and vocal. Compare how he sings the song with how Carmichael sang it a year earlier.
Try it on your instrument

Hum the tune along with Armstrong, then play it on your instrument at the same pace with the iReal Pro .

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Hear the best-known version

Ray Charles · 1960 · Soul & R&B

The Genius Hits the Road

Listen for
Ray Charles is credited on vocals. This is the recording that Georgia made its state song in 1979.
Try it on your instrument

Play the first as slow block from the iReal Pro chart, and hum the tune over them.

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Hear voice and guitar alone

Ella Fitzgerald and Joe Pass · 1983 · Vocal

Speak Love

Listen for
Only a singer and a guitarist play on this track, so Joe Pass alone supplies the . Follow the chart by bar and hear how one guitar covers each change.
Try it on your instrument

Play the first four from the chart ( , Dm , Dm A7♭9, Dm ) on guitar or piano. Then listen to the recording and see where Pass's match yours.

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Hear a tenor saxophone lead

Ben Webster · 1960 · Bebop, Cool jazz

At the Renaissance

Listen for
Webster is the only horn, with piano, guitar, bass and drums behind him. Listen for how Jim Hall's guitar and the piano share the under him.
Try it on your instrument

Listen with the iReal Pro chart open and raise a finger each time the begins.

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Hear a cool-jazz quartet

The Dave Brubeck Quartet · 1959 · Cool jazz

Gone with the Wind

Listen for
Paul Desmond plays alto saxophone and Dave Brubeck plays piano. The track runs over six minutes, so the 32 go around more than once.
Try it on your instrument

Follow the iReal Pro chart and tally each full pass through the 32 . Write down whether Desmond or Brubeck is playing in each pass.

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Hear a piano trio

The Oscar Peterson Trio · 1962 · Bebop

Night Train

Listen for
Piano, bass and drums are the only instruments. Follow Ray Brown's bass against the iReal Pro chart and hear how each change arrives.
Try it on your instrument

Play just the root of each in the on piano or bass, one note per chord. Then listen for Ray Brown's bass line in the recording.

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Hear a modern saxophone quartet

Archie Shepp Quartet · 1992 · Contemporary jazz

Something to Live For

Listen for
Shepp leads a quartet of saxophone, piano, bass and drums. The track runs just over seven minutes, so the 32 go around several times.
Try it on your instrument

Pick one and write down the you hear in each , using the chart to check. That takes a good ear for jazz chords, so the smaller task is to mark where the starts in each chorus.

More great versions

2 more, from 1976 to 1993. Tap a cover to play it here.

  1. Dexter Gordon Quartet1976 · Hard bop
  2. Shirley Horn1993

For players

The tune's layout, its keys and the chord chart, for anyone who wants to play along.

Show the form and chords

How the tune works

F majorusual key
32 barsA · A · B · A form
F major → D minor → F majorkey centers

Each runs eight in . It opens on , then and lead to and . Bar 4 plays G/B, and , and bars 5 and 6 chain into . The first A ends on Am7 D7 and Gm7 , which loops back to the top, and the second A ends on and an Em7♭5 A7♭9 that points into the . The bridge sits in for its first six bars, where Dm alternates with A7♭9, and before a and turn. Then Am7 D7 and Gm7 C7 chain back to F major. The final A repeats the first six bars and closes on F6, with a Gm7 C7 . These areas follow the iReal Pro chart.

Play the changes

F major
Open in iReal Pro ↗
A10 bars
Fmaj7
Em7♭5A7♭9
DmDm/C
G/BB♭m7E♭7
Am7D7
Gm7C7
1.Am7D7
Gm7C7♯5
2.F6
Em7♭5A7♭9
B8 bars
DmA7♭9
DmB♭7
DmA7♭9
DmG7/B
DmA7♭9
DmBm7♭5E7
Am7D7
Gm7C7
A8 bars
Fmaj7
Em7♭5A7♭9
DmDm/C
G/BB♭m7E♭7
Am7D7
Gm7C7
F6
Gm7C7

Chart from iReal Pro's Jazz 1460 playlist, contributed by its users.