Jazz Changes

Hoagy Carmichael, music · Mitchell Parish, lyrics · First recorded at Gennett in Richmond, Indiana, in 1927

Star Dust

Star Dust is a 1927 song by Hoagy Carmichael, with lyrics added by Mitchell Parish in 1929. Its starts on the IV and turns from major to minor in the first bars. More than 1,500 recordings exist, from singers and big bands to pianists and horn players.

Listen in this order

Start with a vocal ballad and a 1931 trumpeter-singer, then hear a tenor saxophone and guitar, a big-band hit and a solo pianist. The last three steps are a trumpet ballad with strings, a ten-minute saxophone ballad and a 1984 trumpet version. Each step gives a different way to play the same changes.

8 recordings, 1931 to 1984 · Play all 8 on YouTube ↗

  1. Louis Armstrong1931
  2. Coleman Hawkins with Django Reinhardt1935
  3. Artie Shaw1940 · Big band
  4. Art Tatum1953
  5. Clifford Brown - Max Roach Quintet with Neal Hefti Orchestra1955
  6. Nat King Cole1956 · Vocal
  7. John Coltrane Quintet1958 · Hard bop
  8. Wynton Marsalis1984 · Contemporary jazz

Step 1 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Learn the song

Nat King Cole · 1956 · Vocal, Easy listening

“Stardust”, Love Is the Thing

Listen for
Cole's voice carries the tune over strings and harp, with piano, guitar, bass and drums underneath.
Try it on your instrument

Play the first four of the from the iReal chart, one per bar: , G♭maj7, , then together in the fourth bar. Notice how the third bar turns the chord from major to minor.

Step 2 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a trumpeter sing the tune

Louis Armstrong and His Orchestra · 1931

“Stardust”, OKeh single

Listen for
Armstrong's trumpet and voice both lead, with two trumpets, a trombone, three saxophones and a around him.
Try it on your instrument

Play the last eight of the iReal chart, one or two per bar: , , , , , , D♭maj7, . Then play the recording and follow the same eight bars by ear.

Step 3 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a tenor saxophone and a guitar share the tune

Coleman Hawkins with Django Reinhardt · 1935

“Stardust”, All Star Sessions

Listen for
Hawkins's tenor saxophone, Reinhardt's guitar and Grappelli's piano all play on this track, and no drums are listed.
Try it on your instrument

Play the whole first from the iReal chart, slowly, with one or two per bar: , G♭maj7, , , , , B♭7, E♭m7.

Step 4 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear the song as a big-band hit

Artie Shaw and His Orchestra · 1940 · Big band, Swing

Star Dust / Temptation

Listen for
Shaw's clarinet works with a band of trumpets and trombones; the YouTube credits name three trumpeters, including Billy Butterfield, and two trombonists.
Try it on your instrument

Play the from the iReal chart, one per bar or two where the chart has two: , , , , , , , E♭m7 A♭7, then the same first four bars again and E♭m7 A♭7, Fm7 B♭m7, E♭m7 A♭7, D♭maj7 .

Step 5 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear the tune at the piano alone

Art Tatum · 1953

“Stardust”, The Art Tatum Solo Masterpieces, Vol. 4

Listen for
Tatum plays every part himself at the piano, with no bass or drums.
Try it on your instrument

Play the second eight of the iReal chart, one or two per bar: , A♭7, E♭m7 , , , B♭m7 E♭7, A♭7 E♭m7, A♭7 . If that is too much, play only the first chord of each bar.

Step 6 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a trumpet ballad with strings

Clifford Brown - Max Roach Quintet with Neal Hefti Orchestra · 1955

“Stardust”, Clifford Brown with Strings

Listen for
Brown's trumpet sits in front of violins, violas and a cello, with piano, guitar, bass and drums underneath.
Try it on your instrument

Play the whole from the iReal chart at a slow tempo and say the section names out loud as you reach them: A (bars 1 to 8), B (bars 9 to 16), A again, then C (the last eight bars). Then play along with the recording only if you can match its by ear.

Step 7 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a long saxophone ballad

John Coltrane Quintet · 1958 · Hard bop

“Stardust”, Stardust

Listen for
Coltrane's tenor saxophone and Wilbur Harden's flugelhorn share the track with a of piano, bass and drums.
Try it on your instrument

Play one per through the 32-bar in the iReal chart, taking the first chord when a bar has two, and count the bars as the recording goes by.

Step 8 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Compare a 1984 trumpet ballad with strings

Wynton Marsalis · 1984 · Contemporary jazz, Modal jazz

“Stardust”, Hot House Flowers

Listen for
Ron Carter's bass and Jeffrey Watts's drums play under the strings. Compare this with the Clifford Brown track from 1955.
Try it on your instrument

Play the first four of the from the iReal chart and sing the melody over them if you know it: , G♭maj7, , . Then play the recording and stop after four bars to compare.

More great versions

2 more, from 1940 to 1954. Tap a cover to play it here.

  1. Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra with Frank Sinatra and the Pied Pipers1940 · Big band
  2. Ella Fitzgerald with Ellis Larkins1954 · Vocal

For players

The tune's layout, its keys and the chord chart, for anyone who wants to play along.

Show the form and chords

How the tune works

D♭ majorusual key
32 barsA · B · A · C form
D♭ majorkey centers

The song has a , which many versions leave out, and a 32-bar in form. The verse in the iReal chart starts , , , , then moves through , and and ends on D♭maj7. The chorus opens on for two bars, then and lead to D♭maj7, Fm7 B♭7 and E♭m7. The follows with A♭7, E♭m7 A♭7, D♭maj7 E♭m7 , Fm7 B♭m7, , B♭m7 E♭7, A♭7 E♭m7 and A♭7 , which leads back to G♭maj7 for the second A. The last eight bars, labeled C here, run F♯m7, B7, D♭maj7 B♭m7, Fm7 B♭7, E♭m7, A♭7, D♭maj7 and D♭7. The and dominant all stay inside , so the whole tune is one area. These chords follow the iReal Pro chart.

Play the changes

D♭ major
Open in iReal Pro ↗
v16 bars
D♭maj7
G♭7♯11
F7♭9
B♭7
E♭m7A♭7
Fm7B♭m7
Gm7C7
E♭m7A♭7
D♭maj7
G♭7♯11
F7♭9
B♭7
E♭m7A♭7
Fm7B♭m7
E♭m7A♭7
D♭maj7D♭7♯5
A24 bars
G♭maj7
G♭maj7
G♭m(maj7)
F♯m7B7
D♭maj7
Fm7B♭7
E♭m7B♭7
E♭m7
1.A♭7
E♭m7A♭7
D♭maj7E♭m7E°
Fm7B♭m7
E♭7
B♭m7E♭7
A♭7E♭m7
A♭7D♭7
2.F♯m7
B7
D♭maj7B♭m7
Fm7B♭7
E♭m7
A♭7
D♭maj7
A♭m7D♭7

Chart from iReal Pro's Jazz 1460 playlist, contributed by its users.