Jazz Changes

Irving Berlin, music and lyrics · Introduced on the radio in 1932

How Deep Is the Ocean?

How Deep Is the Ocean? is a 1932 song for which Irving Berlin wrote both the music and the words. The opens in and moves through falling that lead to C minor and . Bing Crosby recorded it in 1932, and Charlie Parker, Miles Davis and Stan Getz recorded it in 1947 and 1952.

Listen in this order

The path opens with three singers: Crosby in 1932, Holiday in 1954 and Fitzgerald in 1958. It then moves to instrumentals by Parker, Davis, Getz, Criss and the Bill Evans Trio, each of which plays the same changes in a different setting.

8 recordings, 1932 to 1961 · Play all 8 on YouTube ↗

  1. Bing Crosby1932
  2. Charlie Parker1947 · Bebop
  3. Miles Davis1952 · Bebop
  4. Stan Getz Quintet1952 · Bebop
  5. Billie Holiday1954 · Swing
  6. Sonny Criss Quartet1956
  7. Ella Fitzgerald1958 · Big band
  8. Bill Evans Trio1961 · Post-bop

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Hear the song as it was first recorded

Bing Crosby · 1932

Brunswick 78 rpm single

Listen for
Crosby sings the tune with the studio orchestra behind him. Follow the voice through the 32 and notice where the ends.
Try it on your instrument

Play the first four of the from the iReal chart: , , Cm7, .

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Hear a jazz singer phrase the song

Billie Holiday and Her Orchestra · 1954 · Swing

Billie Holiday

Listen for
Holiday sings with a small group: Shavers on trumpet, Peterson on piano, Ellis on guitar, Brown on bass and Shaughnessy on drums. Listen for how the band stays behind her voice.
Try it on your instrument

Play the first four of the from the iReal chart: for two bars, then for two bars. The moves up a fourth to the A♭7 in bar 11.

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Hear the song in a songbook arrangement

Ella Fitzgerald · 1958 · Big band, Swing

“How Deep Is the Ocean (How High Is the Sky)”, Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Irving Berlin Song Book

Listen for
Fitzgerald sings the with Weston's orchestra behind her. Follow the 32 and notice where the returns.
Try it on your instrument

Play 5 to 8 of the from the iReal chart: , , Gm7 , . The roots of the last three bars step down G, G♭, F before the B♭7.

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Hear bebop play the changes

Charlie Parker (Original Charlie Parker Quintet with J.J. Johnson) · 1947 · Bebop

How Deep Is The Ocean / Crazeology

Listen for
Parker's alto saxophone leads over a of piano, bass and drums. Try to hear where each section starts.
Try it on your instrument

Play the first four of the from the iReal chart: , , , . The A♭m7 D♭7 pair leads back to E♭maj7 in bar 29.

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Hear a trumpet carry the tune

Miles Davis · 1952 · Bebop

“How Deep Is the Ocean”, Miles Davis Volume 1

Listen for
Davis plays trumpet with piano, bass and drums, and the bass is Oscar Pettiford. Listen for how the fills the space around the horn.
Try it on your instrument

Play 5 to 8 of the from the iReal chart: , B7, , then . The B7 drops a half step to B♭7, and the Dm7♭5 G7♭9 leads back to .

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Hear tenor saxophone and guitar

Stan Getz Quintet · 1952 · Bebop

“How Deep Is the Ocean”, The Artistry of Stan Getz

Listen for
Getz plays the tenor saxophone and Raney plays guitar. Listen for how the two lines trade space with the piano, bass and drums.
Try it on your instrument

Play 1 to 5 of the chart: , , Cm7, , . Name the each points to: the G7♭9 resolves to Cm7 and the D7♭9 resolves to Gm7.

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Hear an alto saxophone quartet

Sonny Criss Quartet · 1956

“How Deep Is the Ocean”, Go Man!

Listen for
Criss plays alto saxophone over Clark's piano, Vinnegar's bass and Marable's drums. Count the 32 and listen for the return of the .
Try it on your instrument

Write the form and mark which sections share the same . In the iReal chart the first and third sections are identical, and the last eight are new.

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Hear the changes in a piano trio

Bill Evans Trio · 1961 · Post-bop, Modal jazz

Explorations

Listen for
Evans plays piano with LaFaro on bass and Motian on drums. Listen to how the bass and drums move around the piano.
Try it on your instrument

Play 5 to 8 of the from the iReal chart: , , , . The G7♭9 in the last bar leads back to Cm7 at the start of the next .

More great versions

6 more, from 1956 to 1997. Tap a cover to play it here.

  1. Bobby Jaspar Quartet1956 · Cool jazz
  2. Hank Mobley, Al Cohn, John Coltrane and Zoot Sims1956 · Hard bop
  3. Blue Mitchell Quintet1962 · Hard bop
  4. Joe Pass1992 · Bebop
  5. Diana Krall1997 · Contemporary jazz
  6. Lee Konitz and Rich Perry1997

For players

The tune's layout, its keys and the chord chart, for anyone who wants to play along.

Show the form and chords

How the tune works

E♭ majorusual key
32 barsA · B · A · C form
E♭ majorkey centers

The is 32 in form. The opens on , then leads to Cm7 in bar 3 and leads to in bar 5. Bars 6 to 8 play Am7♭5 D7♭9, Gm7 and , which returns the tune to the top of the next section. The plays for two bars, for two bars and for two bars, then B♭7 and Dm7♭5 G7♭9, which leads back to Cm7 for the second A. The runs , , Fm7, , E♭maj7 , Cm7 , Fm7 B♭7 and G7♭9. The and the in the B section are counted as part of , so the page lists one area. These follow the iReal Pro chart.

Play the changes

E♭ major
Open in iReal Pro ↗
A8 bars
Cm7
Dm7♭5G7♭9
Cm7
Am7♭5D7♭9
Gm7
Am7♭5D7♭9
Gm7G♭7
Fm7B♭7
B8 bars
E♭7
E♭7
A♭7
A♭7
B7
B7
B♭7
Dm7♭5G7♭9
A8 bars
Cm7
Dm7♭5G7♭9
Cm7
Am7♭5D7♭9
Gm7
Am7♭5D7♭9
Gm7G♭7
Fm7B♭7
C8 bars
E♭maj7
Gm7♭5C7♭9
Fm7
A♭m7D♭7
E♭maj7G7
Cm7F7
Fm7B♭7
E♭6G7♭9

Chart from iReal Pro's Jazz 1460 playlist, contributed by its users.