Jazz Changes

Arthur Johnston, music · Johnny Burke, lyrics · Title song of the 1936 film Pennies from Heaven

Pennies from Heaven

Arthur Johnston and Johnny Burke wrote Pennies from Heaven for the 1936 Bing Crosby film. The song stays in a bright major , with one brief shadowy passing through the first part. The song earned an Academy Award nomination, and Billie Holiday, Count Basie and Lester Young recorded it.

Listen in this order

The path starts with Bing Crosby's 1936 hit and Billie Holiday's record from the same year. It continues with a Sarah Vaughan trio vocal, Lester Young's live set, Stan Getz with the Oscar Peterson Trio, a Louis Armstrong festival performance, a long live Oscar Peterson trio take and an organ quartet with Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis.

8 recordings, 1936 to 1958 · Play all 8 on YouTube ↗

  1. Bing Crosby with Georgie Stoll1936
  2. Teddy Wilson and His Orchestra featuring Billie Holiday1936
  3. Lester Young1956 · Swing
  4. Sarah Vaughan and Her Trio1957 · Vocal
  5. Stan Getz and the Oscar Peterson Trio1957 · Bebop
  6. Louis Armstrong1958
  7. The Oscar Peterson Trio1958 · Hard bop
  8. Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis with Shirley Scott1958 · Soul jazz

Step 1 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear the song as first issued

Bing Crosby with Georgie Stoll and His Orchestra · 1936

Single

Listen for
Crosby sings with an orchestra behind him. The tune lasts 32 , in four 8-bar sections, and every later version on this page keeps that shape.
Try it on your instrument

Play the first eight from the chart ( , , , , then the same four bars again) at a slow tempo while you hum the tune.

Step 2 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a small-band swing treatment

Teddy Wilson and His Orchestra featuring Billie Holiday · 1936

“Pennies from Heaven (Take 1)”, Single: Brunswick 7789

Listen for
The band has trumpet, clarinet and tenor saxophone with Wilson's piano, guitar, bass and drums behind Holiday. Pick out each horn as it plays around her voice.
Try it on your instrument

Play the from the chart (, , , Fmaj7, , D7, , G7), then play the 's phrase again to hear how the song returns to C.

Step 3 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear the changes under a singer

Sarah Vaughan and Her Trio · 1957 · Vocal

Swingin' Easy

Listen for
Only piano, bass and drums accompany Vaughan, so the are easy to follow in the piano and bass.
Try it on your instrument

Play the chart's ( , , , ) with a steady bass note on each beat while you sing or hum along with the record.

Step 4 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a long tenor saxophone solo performance

Lester Young · 1956 · Swing

“Pennies from Heaven (live at Olivia Davis's Patio Lounge)”, In Washington, D.C. 1956, Vol. 4

Listen for
The take runs 6:19, so Young plays the several times with a piano, bass and drums trio. Count the choruses by listening for the return of the opening phrase.
Try it on your instrument

Play the last eight of the chart (, , , , Dm7, , , Dm7 G7) one bar per . Then play only the chord roots along with the record.

Step 5 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a tenor saxophone with a trio

Stan Getz and the Oscar Peterson Trio · 1957 · Bebop, Hard bop

Stan Getz and the Oscar Peterson Trio

Listen for
Peterson's piano, Ellis's guitar and Brown's bass play the under Getz's tenor saxophone. Follow the chart's as Getz plays the tune.
Try it on your instrument

Play the chart's second ( , , , , then , , Fmaj7, Fmaj7) and notice where it leaves the first A section's pattern.

Step 6 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a short festival performance

Louis Armstrong and His All Stars · 1958

“Pennies from Heaven (Live at Newport Jazz Festival 1958)”, The Complete Newport 1956 & 1958 Recordings

Listen for
This live version lasts 2:51. Count how many times the goes around.
Try it on your instrument

Play the whole chart once through at a steady medium tempo: A, B, A, C, using the in the form text on this page.

Step 7 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a piano trio play several choruses

The Oscar Peterson Trio · 1958 · Hard bop

“Pennies from Heaven (Live at Town Tavern Club, Toronto, 1958)”, On the Town with the Oscar Peterson Trio

Listen for
The trio has no drummer, so the guitar and bass keep the time while Peterson plays. Count the by listening for the return of the opening phrase.
Try it on your instrument

Play all four sections of the chart in order (A, B, A, C) and then repeat from the top. If you can solo, take one of tones; the smaller version is to play the chord roots only.

Step 8 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear the song as organ jazz

Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis with Shirley Scott · 1958 · Soul jazz

Smokin'

Listen for
Scott's organ plays the under Davis's tenor saxophone, so the harmony and the bass line come from one instrument.
Try it on your instrument

Play the whole chart as a medium-tempo swing, A, B, A, C. If you can improvise, solo for one on the chart's ; the smaller version is to play the chord roots and hum the tune.

More great versions

1 more, from 1956 to 1956. Tap a cover to play it here.

  1. Frank Sinatra1956 · Swing

For players

The tune's layout, its keys and the chord chart, for anyone who wants to play along.

Show the form and chords

How the tune works

C majorusual key
32 barsA · B · A · C form
C majorkey centers

The runs 32 in four 8-bar strains, which JazzStandards.com labels A, B, A and C. The first A plays one four-bar pattern twice: , , and . The B strain begins with and , stays on Fmaj7 for two bars, and then plays two bars of and two bars of G7. The second A repeats the opening four bars and then plays Gm7, C7 and two bars of Fmaj7. The C strain plays Dm7, , Em7, , Dm7 and G7 for one bar each. It ends on C6 and a Dm7 G7 bar that leads back to the top. The stays for all 32 bars.

Play the changes

C major
Open in iReal Pro ↗
A16 bars
C6Fmaj7
Em7E♭°7
Dm7
G7
C6Fmaj7
Em7E♭°7
Dm7
G7
Gm7
C7
Fmaj7
Fmaj7
D7
D7
G7
G7
B16 bars
C6Fmaj7
Em7E♭°7
Dm7
G7
Gm7
C7
Fmaj7
Fmaj7
Dm7
B♭7♯11
Em7
A7
Dm7
G7
C6
Dm7G7

Chart from iReal Pro's Jazz 1460 playlist, contributed by its users.