Jazz Changes

Vincent Youmans, music · Irving Caesar, lyrics · Written for A Night Out, 1925, then sung in the Broadway musical Hit the Deck, 1927

Sometimes I'm Happy

Vincent Youmans and Irving Caesar wrote it in 1925, and it reached Broadway in Hit the Deck in 1927. Its tune is simple and leaves plenty of room, so bands and soloists have made it their own. Benny Goodman's 1935 record became one of his signature numbers, and Lester Young and Bud Powell recorded it later.

Listen in this order

The path starts with Benny Goodman's 1935 band arrangement, then Lester Young's quartet, Bud Powell's trio and a tenor saxophone with guitar. A live quartet, two trumpets, a singer and an organ trio follow.

8 recordings, 1935 to 1958 · Play all 8 on YouTube ↗

  1. Benny Goodman1935
  2. Lester Young Quartet1943 · Swing
  3. Bud Powell Trio1950 · Bebop
  4. Johnny Smith Quintet featuring Stan Getz1952
  5. The Dave Brubeck Quartet1954
  6. Dizzy Gillespie and Roy Eldridge1954
  7. Carmen McRae1955 · Vocal
  8. Jimmy Smith1958 · Post-bop

Step 1 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Learn the song

Benny Goodman and His Orchestra · 1935

The Birth of Swing

Benny Goodman's band recorded Fletcher Henderson's arrangement for Victor in New York on July 1, 1935. Victor issued it as 25090, on the other side of King Porter Stomp.

Listen for
A full band plays Fletcher Henderson's arrangement at an easy pace. Bunny Berigan's trumpet takes a solo, then the band settles back.
Try it on your instrument

Play the A part ( 1 to 8) with two beats on each : , , D7, Gm7 C7, then the same four bars again. Smaller version: F for bars 1 to 3, C7 for bar 4, and repeat.

Step 2 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a small group

Lester Young Quartet · 1943 · Swing

Verve Jazz Masters 30: Lester Young

Lester Young led this quartet in New York on December 28, 1943, with Johnny Guarnieri on piano, Slam Stewart on bass and Sid Catlett on drums. Verve reissued the Keynote recording on Verve Jazz Masters 30 in 1994.

Listen for
Lester Young's tenor saxophone leads over a quiet . Slam Stewart bows his bass and hums with it, and Sid Catlett plays softly on brushes.
Try it on your instrument

Play the B part ( 9 to 16): , , , , , , , . A bar with two gets two beats each. Smaller version: F for bars 9 and 10, B♭ for 11 and 12, F for 13 and 14, C7 for 15 and 16.

Step 3 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a piano trio

Bud Powell Trio · 1950 · Bebop

Jazz Giant

Bud Powell recorded it in New York in February 1950 with Curly Russell on bass and Max Roach on drums. Mercury first issued it as 11061, and Norgran collected it on the album Jazz Giant in 1956.

Listen for
The piano leads, with Curly Russell on bass and Max Roach on drums behind it. The whole record lasts under four minutes.
Try it on your instrument

Play the A part's ( 1 to 8) with a metronome at a slow swing. Move the tempo up 10 beats per minute each time you play it cleanly, and stop when start to slip. Each chord gets two beats.

Step 4 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a saxophone with guitar

Johnny Smith Quintet featuring Stan Getz · 1952

The Complete Roost Recordings

Stan Getz recorded it in New York on November 9, 1952, with guitarist Johnny Smith's quintet. Roost issued it on RLP 413, and it is collected on The Complete Roost Recordings.

Listen for
Stan Getz's tenor saxophone and Johnny Smith's guitar are the lead voices, with Sanford Gold on piano, Bob Carter on bass and Morey Feld on drums. The record is short, about two and a half minutes.
Try it on your instrument

Play the last four of the second B part (bars 29 to 32): , , , Gm7 C7. Bars with two get two beats each. Smaller version: F for bars 29 and 31, C7 for bars 30 and 32.

Step 5 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear it live

The Dave Brubeck Quartet · 1954

Jazz: Red, Hot and Cool

Dave Brubeck's quartet recorded it live at Basin Street East in New York on October 12, 1954. Columbia issued it in 1955 on the album Jazz: Red, Hot and Cool.

Listen for
Paul Desmond's alto saxophone and Dave Brubeck's piano lead, with Bob Bates on bass and Joe Dodge on drums. It is a live recording, and the track runs 5:23.
Try it on your instrument

Sing or play the melody over the A part ( 1 to 8), then play the first four bars of the B part (, , , ) and listen for the two bars where the move away from F. Smaller version: F for bar 9, for bar 10, B♭ for bars 11 and 12.

Step 6 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear two trumpets

Dizzy Gillespie and Roy Eldridge · 1954

Roy and Diz

Roy Eldridge and Dizzy Gillespie recorded it in New York on October 29, 1954, with Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis, Ray Brown and Louis Bellson. Clef issued it on MGC-671 in 1955.

Listen for
Roy Eldridge and Dizzy Gillespie both play trumpet, with Oscar Peterson on piano, Herb Ellis on guitar, Ray Brown on bass and Louis Bellson on drums. The track runs about five and a half minutes.
Try it on your instrument

The A part plays the same four twice (bars 1 to 4 and 5 to 8). Play them as written the first time ( , , D7, Gm7 C7), then change the rhythm of the melody the second time, as a soloist would. Smaller version: play only the first of each bar both times.

Step 7 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear a singer

Carmen McRae · 1955 · Vocal

By Special Request

Carmen McRae recorded it in New York in June 1955 for By Special Request, her first album for Decca. Dick Katz plays piano, Mundell Lowe guitar and Wendell Marshall bass.

Listen for
Carmen McRae sings with only a bass behind her at first. The piano and guitar join in as she goes round again, and the whole record lasts about two and a half minutes.
Try it on your instrument

Play the two endings of the B part back to back. First ( 13 to 16): , , , . Last (bars 29 to 32): D7, Gm7 C7, , Gm7 C7. Bars with two get two beats each.

Step 8 of 8 Now playing✓ Heard

Hear an organ trio

Jimmy Smith · 1958 · Post-bop

Softly as a Summer Breeze

Jimmy Smith recorded it in New York in February 1958 with Kenny Burrell on guitar and Philly Joe Jones on drums. Blue Note kept the session on the shelf and released it in 1965 as Softly as a Summer Breeze.

Listen for
Jimmy Smith's organ leads, with Kenny Burrell on guitar and Philly Joe Jones on drums. The record runs 8:23, so the song's 32 come round many times.
Try it on your instrument

Play the whole 32 once from the chart, then count how many times the form comes round while the record plays. Soloing over these changes takes more practice; the smaller version is to play the A part ( , , D7, Gm7 C7) four times in a row.

Through the decades

  1. 1920s

    Vincent Youmans and Irving Caesar write the song in 1925, and it reaches Broadway in Hit the Deck in 1927. Roger Wolfe Kahn's dance band, with Franklyn Baur singing, records it in New York in April 1927.

  2. 1930s

    Benny Goodman's band records Fletcher Henderson's arrangement in New York in July 1935, and Victor issues it on the other side of King Porter Stomp.

  3. 1940s

    Lester Young's quartet, with Johnny Guarnieri, Slam Stewart and Sid Catlett, records it in New York in December 1943.

  4. 1950s

    Bud Powell records it with his trio in 1950, Dave Brubeck's quartet plays it live in New York in 1954, and Carmen McRae sings it on her first Decca album in 1955.

  5. 1960s

    Shirley Scott plays it on organ with a big band conducted by Oliver Nelson in April 1966, on an album of big-band tunes.

  6. 1970s

    Phineas Newborn records it in Los Angeles in December 1976 with Ray Brown on bass and Jimmie Smith on drums, and Pablo issues it in 1977.

  7. 1990s

    Joni Mitchell records it in 1999 for Both Sides Now, an album of standards with an orchestra arranged and conducted by Vince Mendoza. Reprise releases the album in 2000.

More great versions

6 more, from 1927 to 1999. Tap a cover to play it here.

  1. Roger Wolfe Kahn1927
  2. Sarah Vaughan1955 · Big band
  3. Milt Jackson Quintet1956 · Bebop
  4. Shirley Scott1966 · Hard bop
  5. The Phineas Newborn Trio1976
  6. Joni Mitchell1999 · Contemporary jazz

For players

The tune's layout, its keys and the chord chart, for anyone who wants to play along.

Show the form and chords

How the tune works

F majorusual key
32 barsA · B · A · B form
F → B♭ → F → B♭ → Fkey centers

The chart in iReal Pro has four parts of 8 , 32 in all, in . Each A runs , , D7, Gm7 C7 in bars 1 to 4 and plays the same four bars again in bars 5 to 8, so every bar holds two . B opens on F6 and , leans toward B♭ with and in bars 11 and 12, then comes home through , Am7 D7, Gm7 and C7. The last B ends differently: D7, Gm7 C7, F6, Gm7 C7.

Play the changes

F major
Open in iReal Pro ↗
A8 bars
F6D7
Gm7C7
Am7D7
Gm7C7
F6D7
Gm7C7
Am7D7
Gm7C7
B8 bars
F6
Cm7F7
B♭maj7
E♭7
Fmaj7
Am7D7
Gm7
C7
A8 bars
F6D7
Gm7C7
Am7D7
Gm7C7
F6D7
Gm7C7
Am7D7
Gm7C7
B8 bars
F6
Cm7F7
B♭maj7
E♭7
F6/CD7
Gm7C7
F6
Gm7C7

Chart from iReal Pro's Jazz 1460 playlist, contributed by its users.